{"id":1606,"date":"2006-09-20T13:56:09","date_gmt":"2006-09-20T13:56:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/amrani.cc\/wp\/?p=1606"},"modified":"2006-09-20T13:56:09","modified_gmt":"2006-09-20T13:56:09","slug":"2006-9-20-intellectuals-and-dictatorships-the-case-of-antoine-sfeir-html","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/amrani.cc\/wp\/?p=1606","title":{"rendered":"Intellectuals and dictatorships: the case of Antoine Sfeir"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-src=\"v5\">In the long history of public intellectuals using their pulpits to defend the indefensible (more often than not, for direct personal gain rather than any error in judgement), Arab intellectuals of the second half of the twentieth century will occupy a special place. Arab dictators &#8212; as well as their foreign supporters &#8212; have spent a considerable amount of money in buying favorable views from opinion-makers, columnists, activist-intellectuals and others over the years. Saddam Hussein was perhaps most notorious for doing this, but he is joined with more discreet dictators such as Morocco&#8217;s kings, Algeria&#8217;s generals, Libya&#8217;s Muammar Qadhafi and countless others. And then you have the Saudi media machine, a huge formation indeed that goes through the heart of what passes as quality journalism in the Arab world (and one that is influential even inside non-Gulf countries: just ask Al Ahram&#8217;s Ibrahim Nafie how well he gets on with this or that Emir.) A more interesting sideshow is the growing Saudi-Qatari media battle, with Al Jazeera walking an unpredictable line between total subservience to the Emir of Qatar, a fair amount of editorial independence by any Western corporate standard, and at least two wide intellectuals schools of thoughts among its key staff (Arab nationalism and Islamism, in various forms.)    <\/p>\n<p>This an enormously complicated subject, but one thing that has always enraged me is those intellectuals and journalists that defend Tunisia&#8217;s Ben Ali, a police state that takes the worst aspect of police culture (corruption, violence, mediocrity) as the <em>motus operandi<\/em> of the state. In his interesting <a href=\"http:\/\/blog.mondediplo.net\/-Nouvelles-d-Orient-\">Middle East-centered blog on the Monde Diplomatique website<\/a>, Alain Gresh <a href=\"http:\/\/blog.mondediplo.net\/2006-09-20-Illustration-et-apologie-de-la-dictature\">rips a new one<\/a> in <a href=\"http:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antoine_Sfeir\">Antoine Sfeir<\/a>, a France-based Lebanese author who passes as respectable in most of the region and contributes for some prestigious magazines. For me, no longer:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Le r&#233;gime tunisien dispose, depuis de longues ann&#233;es, de nombreux thurif&#233;raires en France. Le premier est sans aucun doute le pr&#233;sident de la R&#233;publique Jacques Chirac &#8211; ainsi d&#233;clarait-il au cours de sa visite officielle en Tunisie, d&#233;but d&#233;cembre 2003 que &#171; le premier des droits de l&#8217;homme c&#8217;est manger, &#234;tre soign&#233;, recevoir une &#233;ducation et avoir un habitat, ajoutant que de ce point de vue, il faut bien reconna&#238;tre que la Tunisie est tr&#232;s en avance sur beaucoup de pays &#187; (Lire la r&#233;action de la Ligue des droits de l&#8217;homme &#224; ces propos). Jacques Chirac n&#8217;a pas le monopole de cette complaisance et des responsables politiques, de gauche comme de droite, n&#8217;h&#233;sitent pas &#224; chanter les louanges du r&#233;gime de Zine Abidin Ben Ali.<\/p>\n<p>C&#8217;est le cas aussi de certains &#171; intellectuels &#187;, comme le prouve un des derniers ouvrages d&#8217;Antoine Sfeir, intitul&#233; Tunisie, terre des paradoxes, qui vient de para&#238;tre aux &#233;ditions de l&#8217;Archipel. Le degr&#233; de flagornerie &#224; l&#8217;&#233;gard du chef de l&#8217;Etat tunisien y est assez exceptionnel. Ben Ali est ainsi d&#233;crit comme r&#233;unissant &#171; en sa personne toutes ces comp&#233;tences. D&#8217;une part, elles lui permettent de se montrer plus efficaces, et les r&#233;sultats obtenus plaident en sa faveur ; d&#8217;autre part, la r&#233;union de ces comp&#233;tences en un seul homme &#233;vite de les voir entrer en conflit. &#187; (p. 213)<\/p>\n<p>Le r&#233;gime est-il policier ? Citant un rapport du d&#233;partement d&#8217;Etat, l&#8217;auteur affirme que la Tunisie compterait entre 450 et 1000 prisonniers, dont tr&#232;s peu ont &#233;t&#233; condamn&#233;s pour des actes de violence. &#171; On peut le d&#233;plorer, certes &#187;, pr&#233;cise-t-il. &#171; Mais que penser du Patriot Act ? Faudrait-il accepter que les Etats-Unis se prot&#232;gent contre l&#8217;islamisme et non la Tunisie, o&#249; le danger est pourtant bien plus r&#233;el et pressant : tentatives de coup d&#8217;Etat, assassinats, attentats &#8211; dont celui de la synagogue de Djerba &#8211; et volont&#233; affich&#233;e de renverser le r&#233;gime pour y instaurer, par la force et la terreur, un Etat d&#233;pourvu de toute liberte ? &#187; Etrange raisonnement, puisque l&#8217;auteur lui-m&#234;me affirme que les prisonniers ne sont pas inculp&#233;s pour des actes de violence&#8230; D&#8217;autre part, qui approuve le Patriot Act ? (lire p. 13)<\/p>\n<p>&#171; Autre accusation, poursuit Sfeir : le r&#233;gime tunisien est un r&#233;gime policier. Actuellement, il ne l&#8217;est pas plus que les Etats-Unis, la Grande-Bretagne, ou m&#234;me la France &#187; Il suffit de lire n&#8217;importe quel rapport d&#8217;Amnesty International, de Human Rights Watch, ou de savoir que, depuis l&#8217;arriv&#233;e de Ben Ali au pouvoir le nombre de policiers a quadrupl&#233;, pour mesurer le s&#233;rieux de cette affirmation.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>I&#8217;ll just translate that last line so you get the flavor:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;Another accusation,&#8221; continues Sfeir, &#8220;is that the Tunisian regime is  police state. In fact, it is no more a police state than the United States, Great Britain, or even France.&#8221; It is enough to read any Amnesty International or Human Rights Watch report to know that since Ben Ali&#8217;s rise to power the number of police officers has quadrupled, and measure the seriousness of [Sfeir&#8217;s] commentary.<span style=\"font-size:12pt;\"><br \/><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>It is incredible how many defenders of the Tunisian regime &#8212; which has bought off many Arab and European newspapers of note (the Americans just don&#8217;t care) &#8212; there still are in French policy and intellectual circles. I can hardly go to a French diplomatic function without getting into an argument about Tunisia &#8212; which like Morocco&#8217;s kings and Lebanon&#8217;s late Rafiq Hariri have a long history of bankrolling the presidential campaigns of Jacques Chirac. Antoine Sfeir now joins the ranks of the defenders of some of the world&#8217;s most odious dictatorships. I hope his payoff was worth it.<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div data-src=\"v5\">In the long history of public intellectuals using their pulpits to defend the indefensible (more often than not, for direct personal gain rather than any error in judgement), Arab intellectuals of the second half of the twentieth century will occupy a special place. Arab dictators &#8212; as well as their foreign supporters &#8212; have spent a considerable amount of money in buying favorable views from opinion-makers, columnists, activist-intellectuals and others over the years. Saddam Hussein was perhaps most notorious for doing this, but he is joined with more discreet dictators such as Morocco&#8217;s kings, Algeria&#8217;s generals, Libya&#8217;s Muammar Qadhafi and countless others. And then you have the Saudi media machine, a huge formation indeed that goes through the heart of what passes as quality journalism in the Arab world (and one that is influential even inside non-Gulf countries: just ask Al Ahram&#8217;s Ibrahim Nafie how well he gets on with this or that Emir.) A more interesting sideshow is the growing Saudi-Qatari media battle, with Al Jazeera walking an unpredictable line between total subservience to the Emir of Qatar, a fair amount of editorial independence by any Western corporate standard, and at least two wide intellectuals schools of thoughts among its key staff (Arab nationalism and Islamism, in various forms.)<br \/>\nThis an enormously complicated subject, but one thing that has always enraged me is those intellectuals and journalists that defend Tunisia&#8217;s Ben Ali, a police state that takes the worst aspect of police culture (corruption, violence, mediocrity) as the <em>motus operandi<\/em> of the state. In his interesting <a href=\"http:\/\/blog.mondediplo.net\/-Nouvelles-d-Orient-\">Middle East-centered blog on the Monde Diplomatique website<\/a>, Alain Gresh <a href=\"http:\/\/blog.mondediplo.net\/2006-09-20-Illustration-et-apologie-de-la-dictature\">rips a new one<\/a> in <a href=\"http:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antoine_Sfeir\">Antoine Sfeir<\/a>, a France-based Lebanese author who passes as respectable in most of the region and contributes for some prestigious magazines. For me, no longer:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Le r&#233;gime tunisien dispose, depuis de longues ann&#233;es, de nombreux thurif&#233;raires en France. Le premier est sans aucun doute le pr&#233;sident de la R&#233;publique Jacques Chirac &#8211; ainsi d&#233;clarait-il au cours de sa visite officielle en Tunisie, d&#233;but d&#233;cembre 2003 que &#171; le premier des droits de l&#8217;homme c&#8217;est manger, &#234;tre soign&#233;, recevoir une &#233;ducation et avoir un habitat, ajoutant que de ce point de vue, il faut bien reconna&#238;tre que la Tunisie est tr&#232;s en avance sur beaucoup de pays &#187; (Lire la r&#233;action de la Ligue des droits de l&#8217;homme &#224; ces propos). Jacques Chirac n&#8217;a pas le monopole de cette complaisance et des responsables politiques, de gauche comme de droite, n&#8217;h&#233;sitent pas &#224; chanter les louanges du r&#233;gime de Zine Abidin Ben Ali.<br \/>\nC&#8217;est le cas aussi de certains &#171; intellectuels &#187;, comme le prouve un des derniers ouvrages d&#8217;Antoine Sfeir, intitul&#233; Tunisie, terre des paradoxes, qui vient de para&#238;tre aux &#233;ditions de l&#8217;Archipel. Le degr&#233; de flagornerie &#224; l&#8217;&#233;gard du chef de l&#8217;Etat tunisien y est assez exceptionnel. Ben Ali est ainsi d&#233;crit comme r&#233;unissant &#171; en sa personne toutes ces comp&#233;tences. D&#8217;une part, elles lui permettent de se montrer plus efficaces, et les r&#233;sultats obtenus plaident en sa faveur ; d&#8217;autre part, la r&#233;union de ces comp&#233;tences en un seul homme &#233;vite de les voir entrer en conflit. &#187; (p. 213)<br \/>\nLe r&#233;gime est-il policier ? Citant un rapport du d&#233;partement d&#8217;Etat, l&#8217;auteur affirme que la Tunisie compterait entre 450 et 1000 prisonniers, dont tr&#232;s peu ont &#233;t&#233; condamn&#233;s pour des actes de violence. &#171; On peut le d&#233;plorer, certes &#187;, pr&#233;cise-t-il. &#171; Mais que penser du Patriot Act ? Faudrait-il accepter que les Etats-Unis se prot&#232;gent contre l&#8217;islamisme et non la Tunisie, o&#249; le danger est pourtant bien plus r&#233;el et pressant : tentatives de coup d&#8217;Etat, assassinats, attentats &#8211; dont celui de la synagogue de Djerba &#8211; et volont&#233; affich&#233;e de renverser le r&#233;gime pour y instaurer, par la force et la terreur, un Etat d&#233;pourvu de toute liberte ? &#187; Etrange raisonnement, puisque l&#8217;auteur lui-m&#234;me affirme que les prisonniers ne sont pas inculp&#233;s pour des actes de violence&#8230; D&#8217;autre part, qui approuve le Patriot Act ? (lire p. 13)<br \/>\n&#171; Autre accusation, poursuit Sfeir : le r&#233;gime tunisien est un r&#233;gime policier. Actuellement, il ne l&#8217;est pas plus que les Etats-Unis, la Grande-Bretagne, ou m&#234;me la France &#187; Il suffit de lire n&#8217;importe quel rapport d&#8217;Amnesty International, de Human Rights Watch, ou de savoir que, depuis l&#8217;arriv&#233;e de Ben Ali au pouvoir le nombre de policiers a quadrupl&#233;, pour mesurer le s&#233;rieux de cette affirmation.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>I&#8217;ll just translate that last line so you get the flavor:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;Another accusation,&#8221; continues Sfeir, &#8220;is that the Tunisian regime is  police state. In fact, it is no more a police state than the United States, Great Britain, or even France.&#8221; It is enough to read any Amnesty International or Human Rights Watch report to know that since Ben Ali&#8217;s rise to power the number of police officers has quadrupled, and measure the seriousness of [Sfeir&#8217;s] commentary.<span style=\"font-size:12pt;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>It is incredible how many defenders of the Tunisian regime &#8212; which has bought off many Arab and European newspapers of note (the Americans just don&#8217;t care) &#8212; there still are in French policy and intellectual circles. I can hardly go to a French diplomatic function without getting into an argument about Tunisia &#8212; which like Morocco&#8217;s kings and Lebanon&#8217;s late Rafiq Hariri have a long history of bankrolling the presidential campaigns of Jacques Chirac. Antoine Sfeir now joins the ranks of the defenders of some of the world&#8217;s most odious dictatorships. I hope his payoff was worth it.<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[4],"tags":[102,19],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/amrani.cc\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1606"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/amrani.cc\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/amrani.cc\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/amrani.cc\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/amrani.cc\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1606"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/amrani.cc\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1606\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/amrani.cc\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1606"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/amrani.cc\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1606"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/amrani.cc\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1606"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}