White man discovers Arab Orwell

London Times columnist (and Tory MP) Michael Gove waxes lyrical about Alaa al-Aswany’s Yacoubian Building, comparing him to Orwell making a parallel between the Soviet Union in the 1980s and the Arab world today:

The tragedy of Arab life haunts many hearts but has remained, apparently, insoluble. For those counted wise in the West the state of the Arab world now is like the existence of the Soviet Union in the Eighties — a durable fact that one has to learn to accept. The idea that democracy, or anything like it, can take root in the arid soil of the Middle East is a mirage — and pursuing it will end only in misery, as Iraq’s tragedy is proving.

But now new voices are challenging that assumption. A work has recently been produced that lays bare the ugliness of contemporary Egyptian society — the staggering level of business corruption, the ruthlessness with which political power is manipulated by the elites to consolidate their own position, the sexual hypocrisy which stifles genuine freedom and deprives women of basic rights, the crushing of individual initiative and ambition by cronyism and the rise in extremism fuelled directly by the regime’s own flagrant defiance of the common good.

The work is not a polemic for a neo-con think-tank but a novel, The Yacoubian Building, by the Egyptian writer Alaa al-Aswany. What makes it remarkable as a work of fiction is the manner in which al-Aswany combines his devastating hatchet job on the current Egyptian regime with a touching and humane narrative that engages the reader as charmingly as Armistead Maupin or Alexander McCall Smith.

In other news, white man discovers social critique in Arab literature. Wait until he finds out about Sonallah Ibrahim!

[Thanks, S.]

Online Censorship Suit

Hossam has linked to Judge Abd al-Fattah’s lawsuit here. It’s riddled with factual errors. More on that later. It’s still not clear if this is going anywhere, but as commenters on Issandr’s original post on the topic noted, we have early warning in this case, and we should take advantage of it. A list of the URLs the judge is asking the government to censor follows. Since a court has yet to rule on whether these are libelous, archiving them in Egypt may be risky. So people outside of Egypt who might be interested in hosting mirrors, here are the urls. They include the sites of some of the most prominent human rights organizations in Egypt:

http://www.hrinfo.net/
The Web site of the Arabic Network for Human Rights Information (hrinfo)

http://www.hrinfo.net/egypt/hmcl
The page of the Hisham Mubarak Center for Legal Aid, hosted on hrinfo’s site

http://www.afteegypt.org
Web site of the Nur Center

http://wwwshamsannews.net/newsdetails.asp?id=402http://www.eipr.org
The Web site of the Egyptian Inititative for Personal Rights

http://www.hrinfo.net/egypt/hmlc
A typo leads to a 404 page, but it’s named in the suit. The correct URL for the Hisham Mubarak Center is named above.

http://www.hrinfo.net/egypt/elmarsd/
The Urban Center [lit. “Observatory”] for Human Rights

http://www.hrinfo.net/egypt/eojl/
The Egyptian Center for Justice and Law

http://www.hrinfo.net/egypt/nadeem/
The page for the Nadim Center for Victims of Violence, hosted on hrinfo

http://www.hrinfo.net/egypt/eaat
The Egyptian Association Against Torture

http://elsaeedi.katib.org/node/48#comment
A page from a blog concerned with human rights issues

http://harakamasria.org/node/9062#comment-7416
From Kifaya’s Web site

http://gharbeia.net/ar/judgebookreview
Blog that has campaigned for democracy, human rights, and respect for the environment

http://www.alghad.org.eg
Purportedly the Web site of the Ghad Party’s newspaper. Incidentally, this URL was inaccessible from Egypt March 14 using the ISP LINKdotNET.

http://www.gn4me.com/nahda
The Egyptian Renaissance site

http://www.gn4me.com
The Good News company’s site, named as the owner of The Egyptian Renaissance, above.

http://www.alnoor.se/othernews.asp?year=200
Web site of the Nur Center

http://www.shamsannews.net/newsdetails.asp?id=402
Shmasan News

http://www.wna-news.com/inanews/news.php?item3699.6
Web site of the Iraqi News Agency

http://mohamed.katib.org/node/34
Blog post

http://taranim.wordpress.com/2006/02/22/kareemyagod/#comments
Blog post

http://bentmasreya.blogspot.com/2007/02/blog-post_14.html
Blog post

http://www.hrinfo.net/reports/net2004/egypt.shtml
The Egypt chapter of HRinfo’s 2004 report on Internet censorship in the Middle East

http://www.hrinfo.net/reports/re2006/re06-2.shtml
HRinfo report on April-May 2006 crackdown

http://www.hrinfo.net/reports/re2006/#egypt
HRinfo report on Bahrain, Tunisia, and Egypt

http://elsaeedi.katib.org/node/
Blog

http://gharbeia.net/ar/judgeBOOKReview#comment
Blog post

Send Spiders

Did a little digging into Judge Abd al-Fattah Murad’s lawsuit to get the government to censor 21 Web sites and blogs:

  1. Abd al-Fattah Murad will likely not be the judge in Abd al-Karim Sulaiman‘s appeal. This would too nice a present to the defense team, who are engaged in a separate legal dispute with the judge and so could clearly not get a fair trial from him. If Judge Abd al-Fattah is on the stand next session, we can all start believing the rumors that the government never wanted to imprison Kareem in the first place. Or we should all be very scared because the government will have dropped its last shred of shame.
  2. The only source for the suit’s existence remains Egypt’s finest, Rose al-Yusef. Lawyers have had no communication from the courts. A scanned copy of the Rose al-Yusef article is here. It’s possible the lawsuit won’t progress, and that this article (in a paper whose meager readership consists mostly of those who have a professional interest in trying to guess what Security is thinking) is another shot over the bow. [Update: AFP cites “a judicial source” and “sources” to confirm the story]
  3. His honor reportedly has very good wasta in the Interior Ministry—but less so in the Judge’s Club. It’s unclear whether he has the clout to get the government to change its current policy of not censoring the Internet.

Let’s hope this one dies on the vine. In the meantime, reason enough to be vigilant and for techies abroad to start archiving sites. Release the spiders.

And if anyone from the ICT or information ministries is reading, please read Nart Villeneuve‘s excellent discussion of the pitfalls of Internet censorship for governments. To these I would add economic ill effects. Egypt’s perception as a friendly country for ICT investment, a perception the government has spent millions on fostering, rests in no small part on its policy with regard to online censorship, which is free… and costs nothing. All the Smart Villages, slick IT projects at the Alexandria Library, and UN-prize-winning Web sites will seem like so much expensive window dressing if the government starts censoring blogs, newspaper Web sites, and the Web sites of human rights organizations. Telecom Egypt is looking for a partner to modernize the country’s Internet backbone, at a cost of US$1 billion. And let’s face it, Egypt isn’t China. China will become the largest broadband market in 2007, with 79 million broadband users. When Egypt launched a program to expand broadband access in 2004, it set itself an initial goal of 50,000 users. The difference in GDP is about US$2.13 trillion. Bad publicity ought to seem like more of a liability here.

For the sake of the greater good, Judge Abd al-Fattah, and for the sake of the rights to impart and receive information, please drop this lawsuit. Your good reputation will be better served if you’re known as the man who forgave an insult than if you’re known as the man who censored the Internet.

The same president whose honor you’re so anxious to defend has himself spoken about the importance of ICT in “supporting national efforts toward more freedom, democracy, and respect of human rights.” So, your honor, for the sake of the president and patriotism, for the sake of the next generation of honest, hardworking Egyptians from Aswan to Alexandria, and for the sake of your good reputation, please drop this lawsuit.

the Ides of March

000019_vl.jpg

Coming up on the anniversary of the liveliest expression of popular dissatisfaction with the Mubarak regime in recent memory–the March 2003 demos–it seems like the moment to wheel out some old photos. I’ve scanned a (rathered battered) roll of negatives, and strung them together with some captions here.

I think the moral of the story is this: if there’s a dozen guys dressed up like little Darth Vaders chasing you, run like hell.

URGENT: Lawsuit to be filed to block 21 Egyptian blogs

The head of the very same Court imprisoned blogger Kareem Soliman will be appealing to next week is launching a lawsuit to get 21 blogs and websites blocked in Egypt. Un-f#$%g-believable:

Rumors have been reaching me for days now, and I received confirmation only today from lawyer Gamal Eid, executive manager of Arabic Network for Human Rights Information.
It seems that Judge Abdel Fattah Morad, head of Alexandria Appeal Court, has started a lawsuit against the government in Egypt’s Administrative Courts in order to block a number of Egyptian websites. The list, 21-websites-long, includes the blogs and sites that took part in the discussion around the book the Judge has written, and the wide plagiarism evident in the book copying HRInfo’s report on Internet Freedoms in the Arab World, and a how-to-blog guide written by blogger Bent Masreya.

Of the 21 blogs and website, I was able so far to confirm Kifaya’s and HRInfo’s websites, in addition to the blogs of Bent Masreya, Yehia Megahed, and my own.
The lawsuit is started by Abdel Fattah Mourad, one of Egypt’s most senior judges–and head of the Alexandria Appeal Court, where imprisoned blogger Abdul Kareem Nabil Soliman’s case is heard next week.

Follow this story as it develops at Arabawy, where the full email is posted. This is the most serious development against bloggers to take place in Egypt, and if a court rules in favor of the lawsuit it will not only be difficult to overturn but also encourage more lawyers to make a name for themselves by filing lawsuits against other sites. As Amr says:

What worries me, however, is that this is a judge whose ruling cannot be appealed. He can silence, imprison or execute people, and he oversees our elections.
Once the blogs are found offensive by the court, then in light of the Egyptian’s regime reputation, it is automatic to prosecute the bloggers. This is an early warning.

New head of IMA is Zionist

The new head of the Institut du Monde Arabe in Paris, one of the finest cultural center dedicated to the Arab world in the world, is Dominique Baudis, a prominent figure of France’s pro-Israel movement. The IMA is financed mostly by France but also by several Gulf states — and I hope they act soon to stop rewarding people who have fought against Arab causes. French-Moroccan blogger Ibn Kafka has more.

[Via Angry Arab]

Constitutional amendments looking bleak

I am very much working on this issue but don’t have time to comment, so read Reuters’ take on the constitutional amendments:

Amendments to the Egyptian constitution, as drafted by a parliamentary committee, would weaken the role of judges in monitoring elections and make it almost impossible for Islamists to seek the presidency.

The draft amendments would deprive non-party independents of the right to stand for the presidency and ban all political activity based on any religious reference or basis weapons the authorities could use against the Muslim Brotherhood, the largest opposition group in the country.

The amendments give responsibility for monitoring elections to a committee on which judges may not necessarily be in the majority.

Opposition and civil society groups have prized the existing requirement that judges supervise elections as one of the best ways to discourage the abuses which have marred voting in Egypt.

In the 2005 elections several judges risked their careers by speaking out against electoral practices that they witnessed. The parliamentary committee is expected to approve the amendments this week.

There is even worse stuff, but more on it when the amendments are in their final form. In the meantime, Muslim Brothers have launched a “We refuse the constitutional amendments” campaign across campuses.

Reading about the Ikhwan

Here are a few reading notes on some recent articles on the Muslim Brotherhood (MB):

What Islamists Need to Be Clear About: The Case of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood – high-caliber work by the Carnegie Endowment’s excellent Amr Hamzawy and Marina Ottaway, essentially giving recommendations to Islamists on what they need to to convince the rest of the world that they are not a Trojan Horse. Many will have problems with this paper, but it clearly lists the issues that Western policymakers have problems with. The MB or other groups don’t have to agree with, most notably the provisions on international agreements. I also wonder what foreign policymakers would make of the fact that the most thorough intellectual work by Islamists on social justice is probably Sayyid Qutb’s “Social Justice in Islam.” Let’s hope they continue with other examples from other countries.

The Moderate Muslim Brotherhood – like most Foreign Affairs articles, pretty bland aside from making the suggestion to the wonk crowd that “a conversation with the Muslim Brotherhood makes strong strategic sense.” The article should have been less broad in scope, better sourced and referenced, though, and does not come up with any serious analysis of MB discourse and practice. It also, in my opinion, exaggerates the links between the Egyptian MB and various affiliates in Europe that are dealing with entirely different circumstances. It is however a refreshing change from the Daniel Pipes line that there are no differences between moderate and extremist Islamism.

Parties of God – Ken Silverstein’s Harpers piece covers a lot of ground, from the Egyptian MB to Hizbullah to the resistance to discussing Islamism with an open-mind in the US. Because of this it’s hard to see his point, even if, for its audience, much of the material will be new and interesting. He devotes some space to his own experience dealing with pro-Israel bias with his former editors at the LA Times when reporting on Hizbullah, something that would make a great article on its own (looking at pro-Israel bias and fear of retribution in American newsrooms) but has ultimately little to do with Islamist parties.

at-tarikh as-siri li-jamaa al-ikhwan al-muslimin (The Secret History of the Association of the Muslim Brothers) is a re-edition of a controversial book by Alaa Ashmawy, who claims to be a former member of the tanzim al khass, the MB’s paramilitary wing that operated mostly in the 1940s and 1950s. The book has been reissued by Saad Eddin Ibrahim’s Ibn Khaldoun Center and makes the argument that the MB retains some kind of paramilitary wing, which is not accepted by many Egyptian and other scholars. I mention it because I was recently given a copy, but I have not had time to read it seriously nor can I comment on its usefulness. The issue is very topical though, particularly after the (inflated) concerns about the al-Azhar martial arts demo and last summer’s claim that the MB was willing to send 10,000 fighters to Lebanon.

– I’d like to also mention an undergraduate essay a reader sent me about the MB along with a message about the “On Freeloaders” post from a few days ago. The essay was written by an Australian student who has never been to the Arab world, does not speak Arabic and relied only on previously published English-language material. While obviously it isn’t ground-breaking, it provides a nice introductory summary and more importantly a decent bibliography of recent academic, policy and journalistic work on the MB. You can read the essay here, and it author has a blog called Jovial Fellow. If someone who had done that much reading contacted me for help on further research, I would have no problems helping them.

Various items pertaining mostly to Egypt

There haven’t been many posts lately because I am quite busy on a project at the moment, and I am spending a lot of time chasing people on the phone and in meetings. There is tons of stuff I’d like to post about but don’t have the time — such as the recent controversial (and problematic) Seymour Hersh article, Egyptian political news such as constitutional “reform” and the ever-growing number of strikes (covered so well by Hossam), developments within the Muslim Brotherhood (see the interviews on Helena Cobban’s blog). So here are a few quick links, mostly on Egypt:

How Barack Obama learned to love Israel by Ali Abunimah, Obama’s groveling AIPAC speech is here.

– Arabs reiterate 2002 initiative, Israel says no to return of Palestinian refugees.

– Egypt in diplomatic row over alleged execution of Egyptian war prisoners by Israeli forces in 1967.

– Lebanese journalist Serena Assir has a blog, Freespace Beirut.

– Marc Lynch has a Guardian piece on the Brotherhood of the blog.

– Lawrence Pintak follows up on the US/Egypt tiff over the Iraqi insurgent channel Zawraa.

– Maria Golia on The subsistence math of Egypt’s neglected workers.

– Last but certainly not least, Baheyya on the perils of the succession, hammering the point that I’ve been telling anyone who’ll listen about the fundamental uncertainty and risk of the Gamal scenario. As is increasingly argued, there is an analogy to be made with the crisis of 1951-52 — most notably the Cairo fire — and a growing risk of political violence (both spontaneous and calculated) in the next few years. Some even hope for it, thinking it will be the last straw that forces army intervention. I find this line of reasoning among some radical activists, but the other night at a dinner I heard a wealthy, well-connected, pro-regime, prominent society woman say “This country is on the brink of a crisis. The army has to intervene. We won’t democracy, but we’ll have order.” Like Baheyya, I don’t think we’re about to see the Mubarak regime collapse but the degree of uncertainty has grown tremendously. I am also concerned about the long-term impact of the exclusion of the Brothers from political participation and the ongoing rape of the constitution. But more about that later.

This man is dangerous

Picture 1-3

Thomas Friedman talks to Mamoun Fandy, reads poetry translated by MEMRI. Conclusion: Muslims and Arabs, as a group of humans, are cowardly and have no moral fiber. They don’t feel sorry for Iraqis. They have an irrational hatred for Americans. Hizbullah, the Muslim Brotherhood and al-Qaeda have the same discourse.

I have a suggestion. Can someone get the mustache a subscription to a serious Arab press translation service like mideastwire.com? Or even point him towards those Arab publications that translate their articles into English, like al-Hayat? Perhaps point out to him that the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood and al-Qaeda are at war over the former’s participation in elections and commitment to non-violence? Perhaps even email him a few of the many articles that appear in Arabic doing exactly the things that Friedman (and his native informant Fandy) says do not happen in the Arab/Muslim world?

This man is becoming dangerous. He obviously has influence, you can’t get the NYT to fire him even though its own correspondents (I hope) could probably tell him that he is full of shit. Someone has to give Thomas Friedman an education before he makes the view that Arabs and Muslims are congenitally amoral subhuman hordes completely mainstream.

(The full op-ed is after the jump. Prepare yourself, it’s one of the worst in a while.)
Continue reading This man is dangerous